Recent studies by Fama and French and Morningstar establish that active managers lag behind their indexes over time. The most recent study by Morningstar show that active managers that did beat an index in the short-term took more risk than the returns earned. Therefore we generally invest in indexes. Where we differ with most investment managers is in retirement accounts. We use bonds to provide income not just "buffer" the account from market fluctuations. Providing a monthly income during retirement is a simple a time-proven method to sleep at night.